Chefs and Head Cooks

Low Risk
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Occupation snapshot

What does this snowflake show?
The Snowflake is a visual summary of the five badges: Automation Risk (calculated), Risk (polled), Growth, Wages and Volume. It gives you an instant snapshot of an occupations profile. The colour of the Snowflake relates to its size. The better the occupation scores in relation to others, the larger and greener the Snowflake becomes.
JOB SCORE
7.2/10
What's this?
Job Score (higher is better):

We rate jobs using four factors. These are:

- Chance of being automated
- Job growth
- Wages
- Volume of available positions

These are some key things to think about when job hunting.

Risk & user votes

Calculated automation risk

29% (Low Risk)

Low Risk (21-40%): This occupation has a lower risk of full replacement by AI, software, or robotic systems. Some tasks may be automated or assisted, but the role usually still relies on human judgement, communication, responsibility, physical adaptability, or practical decision-making.

More information on what this score is, and how it is calculated is available here.

Human strengths important in this job

These are human abilities and work contexts that are important in this occupation. They may help explain why parts of the role are harder to replace end-to-end, but they are not the only inputs into the automation score.

Coordinating others’ work

Very important
Why this matters
Bringing people together, assigning tasks, and keeping a group aligned so work gets done.
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Social perceptiveness

Quite important
Why this matters
Noticing others’ emotions and reactions in the moment and adjusting what you say or do based on why they’re responding that way.
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Thinking creatively

Quite important
Why this matters
Coming up with original ideas and designs—creating new concepts, products, systems, or artistic work. This kind of open-ended invention and taste-based judgment is harder to automate end-to-end than routine, rule-based tasks.
Jobs that also use this strength

Working directly with the public

Quite important
Why this matters
The job involves face-to-face interaction with customers, clients, or guests—answering questions, handling requests, and managing service situations in real time. Roles with frequent public interaction are harder to replace end-to-end because they rely on trust, communication, and adapting to unpredictable human needs.
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Negotiation

Quite important
Why this matters
Bringing people together to reconcile differences, trade off priorities, and reach agreements—work that depends on trust, persuasion, and reading the situation.
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Show 4 more strengths

Coaching and developing others

Quite important
Why this matters
Helps people learn and improve through coaching, mentoring, and feedback. This relies on trust, motivation, and adapting guidance to each person—work that’s hard to replace end-to-end with automation.
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Decision-making and problem solving

Quite important
Why this matters
Analyze information, weigh tradeoffs, and choose the best solution—especially when situations are ambiguous, high-stakes, or have real-world consequences.
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Consulting and advising others

Quite important
Why this matters
Provide guidance and expert advice to managers or teams on technical, system, or process decisions—explaining options, tradeoffs, and recommended actions.
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Active learning

Quite important
Why this matters
Keeps learning from new information and applying it to make better decisions now and in the future, especially when situations change.
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What users think

Based on 689 votes

33% chance of full automation within the next two decades

Our visitors have voted there's a low chance this occupation will be automated. This assessment is further supported by the calculated automation risk level, which estimates 29% chance of automation.

What do you think the risk of automation is?

What is the likelihood that Chefs and Head Cooks will be replaced by robots or artificial intelligence within the next 20 years?

Sentiment

Based on user votes over time

View sentiment trend

How opinions have changed over time

Pay & outlook

Wages

Moderately paid relative to other professions

In 2024, the median annual wage for Chefs and Head Cooks was $60,990 ($29 per hour).

The median annual wage for Chefs and Head Cooks was 23.2% higher than the national median annual wage, which stood at $49,500.

View wage trend

Wages over time

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Growth

Very fast growth relative to other professions

The number of 'Chefs and Head Cooks' job openings is expected to rise 7.1% by 2034

View employment trend

Total employment, and estimated job openings

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period between 2023 and 2033
Updated projections are due 09-2025.

Volume

Greater range of job opportunities compared to other professions

As of 2024 there were 182,320 people employed as 'Chefs and Head Cooks' within the United States.

This represents around 0.12% of the employed workforce across the country

Put another way, around 1 in 845 people are employed as 'Chefs and Head Cooks'.

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What people are saying (19)

Leave a comment
Jake Snyders (Low)
11 May 2026 08:30
Gastronomy has been characterised by personalisation forever, restaurants which aim to keep Michelin level cuisine and fine dining cannot lose their sense of humanity by "selling out" their restaurant to more efficient AI models.
Someone
26 Feb 2026 11:49
Even if everything was made in a production line together of machinery and AI does the customer service. There will still be chefs, bakers and front of the house... Not everyone wants ready food that looks exactly the same all the type. Imagine that... go to a restaurant to click buttons and get the food without interaction or any personal touch.... Cool for fast food and as a cool place to go. But as an experience.... nah. What a sad and depressing life that would be. If we just get fed like chickens in a unethical farm.
Demi chef majd (No chance)
11 Oct 2025 15:48
The task of cooking, moving around the kitchen, and interacting with customers is the soul of the food. Without cooking, there is no soul and no flavor in the food.
Jae (No chance)
12 Jul 2025 20:50
Low key I think robots taking over like full businesses would be hard bc people can be difficult sometimes and robots I feel like wouldn't grasp that
facundo (Low)
12 Jan 2025 21:55
because AI and Robots are still BAD at logic mostly. and they could add sugar to a meal thinking they addes sugar in a meal
Awang razak
10 Dec 2024 14:59
Nothing beats my moms cook her foods were my top favorites out of all not even a super smart robot can beat it
kenzz (Low)
22 Nov 2024 01:31
Robots cannot cook food as well as humans period, there would not be any soul or love in the food and you would be able to tell.
Rafael (No chance)
10 Sep 2024 12:28
The chef needs to be there, to know the time of the food to be ready and also, need to deal with problems and also carry weight, things robots wont be able to do
tiago (Low)
08 Sep 2024 14:48
If the robot has an accident thats something that the buisness owner or even the goverment would have to pay for. But also cooking is kinda about communication and i dont think robots have a sense of communication.
stonehead (No chance)
22 May 2024 10:35
cooking requires taste and robots don't have a sense of taste
G. M. (Low)
21 Aug 2023 17:50
I work in the industry and agree with the data presented
Quance (Highly likely)
12 Apr 2023 19:57
because they are improving day by day it can happen in 5 or 10 years
Lila (No chance)
17 Dec 2022 23:50
Unless there's a massive leap in AI and sensor technology, the possibility of a machine making high-quality, good-tasting food from scratch is low.

Recipe development will need to be done by humans. Mundane preparation and such will almost certainly be automated, so consistent and easy-to-determine doneness foods (like french fries, mass-produced and standardized sandwiches, etc.) will likely be done by robots.

However, I can see the first AI James Beard or Michelin star-winning chef probably within 50-60 years.
bob (Moderate)
08 Dec 2022 14:45
Because robots are pretty smart and can do way more things at a time than humans
nic (Low)
27 Jan 2022 08:10
Being a good professional chef/cook is a more difficult job than being a household cook or a regular cook. It requires experience, knowledge, and sometimes complicated techniques. Additionally, some creativity and sensory perception are necessary.
luis
19 May 2021 01:07
A machine that helps weigh the ingredients with the exact weight to speed up cooking and can produce more food. That would be in a macro food business, thank you
james (No chance)
22 Jun 2020 08:22
because you need people to taste the food and react to different ways of making it e.g you may need to mix something longer depending on the day
Grace (Moderate)
13 Feb 2020 00:49
I love cooking and I do it pretty well, but I believe that if you give a machine the list of ingredients and clear instructions or algorithms about how to prepare a meal it can definitely do it and then learn about it.
Marek
21 Oct 2022 12:26
Silly silly boy, you can’t replace chef with the machine.

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Job description

Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts.

O*NET-SOC code: 35-1011.00