Explore safer careers (4)
Lower estimated automation risk
Why it fits
Fits chefs moving into product development using ingredient behavior, sensory judgment, safety, and trials.
Why it fits
Uses crew leadership, prep timing, quality control, sanitation, service pace, and station coordination.
Why it fits
Transfers banquet planning, vendor coordination, timing, budgets, client needs, and service logistics.
Why it fits
Applies culinary technique, kitchen safety, menu planning, demonstrations, and trainee evaluation.
Occupation snapshot
What does this snowflake show?
What's this?
We rate jobs using four factors. These are:
- Chance of being automated
- Job growth
- Wages
- Volume of available positions
These are some key things to think about when job hunting.
Risk & user votes
Calculated automation risk
Low Risk (21-40%): This occupation has a lower risk of full replacement by AI, software, or robotic systems. Some tasks may be automated or assisted, but the role usually still relies on human judgement, communication, responsibility, physical adaptability, or practical decision-making.
More information on what this score is, and how it is calculated is available here.
Human strengths important in this job
These are human abilities and work contexts that are important in this occupation. They may help explain why parts of the role are harder to replace end-to-end, but they are not the only inputs into the automation score.
Coordinating others’ work
Very importantWhy this matters
Social perceptiveness
Quite importantWhy this matters
Thinking creatively
Quite importantWhy this matters
Working directly with the public
Quite importantWhy this matters
Negotiation
Quite importantWhy this matters
Show 4 more strengths
Coaching and developing others
Quite importantWhy this matters
Decision-making and problem solving
Quite importantWhy this matters
Consulting and advising others
Quite importantWhy this matters
Active learning
Quite importantWhy this matters
What users think
Based on 689 votes
Our visitors have voted there's a low chance this occupation will be automated. This assessment is further supported by the calculated automation risk level, which estimates 29% chance of automation.
What do you think the risk of automation is?
What is the likelihood that Chefs and Head Cooks will be replaced by robots or artificial intelligence within the next 20 years?
Sentiment
Based on user votes over time
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How opinions have changed over time
Pay & outlook
Wages
In 2024, the median annual wage for Chefs and Head Cooks was $60,990 ($29 per hour).
The median annual wage for Chefs and Head Cooks was 23.2% higher than the national median annual wage, which stood at $49,500.
View wage trend
Wages over time
Growth
The number of 'Chefs and Head Cooks' job openings is expected to rise 7.1% by 2034
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Total employment, and estimated job openings
Updated projections are due 09-2025.
Volume
As of 2024 there were 182,320 people employed as 'Chefs and Head Cooks' within the United States.
This represents around 0.12% of the employed workforce across the country
Put another way, around 1 in 845 people are employed as 'Chefs and Head Cooks'.
People also viewed
Job description
Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts.
O*NET-SOC code: 35-1011.00
What people are saying (19)
Recipe development will need to be done by humans. Mundane preparation and such will almost certainly be automated, so consistent and easy-to-determine doneness foods (like french fries, mass-produced and standardized sandwiches, etc.) will likely be done by robots.
However, I can see the first AI James Beard or Michelin star-winning chef probably within 50-60 years.
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