Janitors and Cleaners
(Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners)

High Risk
Low High

Explore safer careers (5)

Lower estimated automation risk

Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
21% automation risk | Low Risk
Pays better Higher growth
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Why it fits

Fits experienced cleaners using hazard recognition, PPE, incident notes, inspections, and safety procedure follow-through.

Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
28% automation risk | Low Risk
Pays better
36.2 pts lower View career
Why it fits

Fits cleaners with safety focus using PPE, containment, regulated cleanup, decontamination, and procedure discipline.

First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
34% automation risk | Low Risk
Pays better
30 pts lower View career
Why it fits

Directly reuses cleaning standards, shift assignments, supplies, safety, inspections, and worker coaching.

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
38% automation risk | Low Risk
Pays better
26.3 pts lower View career
Why it fits

Applies building upkeep, minor repairs, equipment checks, work orders, safety, and problem reporting.

Pest Control Workers
49% automation risk | Moderate Risk
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Why it fits

Uses building access, sanitation issues, safety precautions, inspection routes, customer notices, and treatment records.


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Occupation snapshot

What does this snowflake show?
The Snowflake is a visual summary of the five badges: Automation Risk (calculated), Risk (polled), Growth, Wages and Volume. It gives you an instant snapshot of an occupations profile. The colour of the Snowflake relates to its size. The better the occupation scores in relation to others, the larger and greener the Snowflake becomes.
JOB SCORE
3.2/10
What's this?
Job Score (higher is better):

We rate jobs using four factors. These are:

- Chance of being automated
- Job growth
- Wages
- Volume of available positions

These are some key things to think about when job hunting.

Risk & user votes

Calculated automation risk

64% (High Risk)

High Risk (61-80%): This occupation shows a significant risk of end-to-end replacement by automation. Many core parts of the role may be structured, repeatable, software-driven, or physically predictable enough for AI, machines, or robotic systems to take over. If you work in this area, it may be worth exploring safer related careers or moving towards more human-centred responsibilities.

More information on what this score is, and how it is calculated is available here.

Human strengths important in this job

These are human abilities and work contexts that are important in this occupation. They may help explain why parts of the role are harder to replace end-to-end, but they are not the only inputs into the automation score.

Thinking creatively

Quite important
Why this matters
Coming up with original ideas and designs—creating new concepts, products, systems, or artistic work. This kind of open-ended invention and taste-based judgment is harder to automate end-to-end than routine, rule-based tasks.
Jobs that also use this strength

Decision-making and problem solving

Quite important
Why this matters
Analyze information, weigh tradeoffs, and choose the best solution—especially when situations are ambiguous, high-stakes, or have real-world consequences.
Jobs that also use this strength

Coordinating others’ work

Quite important
Why this matters
Bringing people together, assigning tasks, and keeping a group aligned so work gets done.
Jobs that also use this strength

Developing objectives and strategies

Quite important
Why this matters
Sets long-term goals and chooses strategies and actions to reach them, weighing tradeoffs and adapting plans as conditions change.
Jobs that also use this strength

What users think

Based on 289 votes

58% chance of full automation within the next two decades

Our visitors have voted they are unsure if this occupation will be automated. However, the automation risk level we have generated suggests a much higher chance of automation: 64% chance of automation.

What do you think the risk of automation is?

What is the likelihood that Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners will be replaced by robots or artificial intelligence within the next 20 years?

Sentiment

Based on user votes over time

View sentiment trend

How opinions have changed over time

Pay & outlook

Wages

Very low paid relative to other professions

In 2024, the median annual wage for Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners was $35,930 ($17 per hour).

The median annual wage for Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners was 27.4% lower than the national median annual wage, which stood at $49,500.

View wage trend

Wages over time

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Growth

Moderate growth relative to other professions

The number of 'Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners' job openings is expected to rise 2.0% by 2034

View employment trend

Total employment, and estimated job openings

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period between 2023 and 2033
Updated projections are due 09-2025.

Volume

Significantly greater range of job opportunities compared to other professions

As of 2024 there were 2,199,900 people employed as 'Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners' within the United States.

This represents around 1.4% of the employed workforce across the country

Put another way, around 1 in 70 people are employed as 'Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners'.

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What people are saying (19)

Leave a comment
Cristian Vindell (Low)
21 Jun 2025 12:31
Many odd jobs from day to day and many things can go wrong so nah..
Cristian V (Low)
17 May 2025 23:57
There are way too many movements and unusual things that a janitor does that a robot will be challenging. I will certainly will love to see a robot sweep and mop a classroom and staircase.
Anonymous (Moderate)
17 Mar 2025 12:11
As someone who works as a janitor, I hope this job gets automated for the well-being of the janitors. The job is rough on the body and feels undignified.
Jeff (Moderate)
10 Dec 2024 04:18
As a janitor, I know from experience automated tech usually breaks down at an equal rate that it works. Case in point, floor scrubbers that are supposed to help us make short work of hallways have problems with keeping charged batteries long enough to run reliably or constantly leak water or fail to pick up the water dispensed on the floor. Also, in a hospital environment when cleaning patient rooms and restrooms, it still takes a human to wipe down furniture, clean sinks and commodes, wash walls, dust, etc.
Mike
26 Jul 2024 09:03
Lol not even close. Laughably high %. More than a web developer? I'd like to see a robot clean up after a basketball game. Climb the bleachers, go under the bleachers, put away chairs, scoreboard, cords, mics, etc, lock doors, clean glass, scrape gum, auto scrub, spot mop, rinse out a garbage can. There are way too many unique tasks imo.
Johan Smitten (No chance)
07 Jul 2024 19:22
It's not complicated work, but even tasks like mopping and scrubbing toilets don't seem like something any modern robot can do. Even if Japan whipped something up, it just wouldn't make financial sense to buy and maintain a robot over hiring a minimum wage worker.
Bryck (Low)
16 Apr 2024 11:10
Unless a new technological breakthrough occurs, the risk of janitors being replaced are quite low. Vocational academies can earn revenue and employ a major sector of janitors. Above vocational qualifications, though, is the fact that automation in this specific sector does not increase productivity at all. Not only do vocational schools help earn more revenue, but automation costs a lot more than simply employing janitors.
Jeff (Uncertain)
16 Feb 2024 20:51
The technology of AI has a couple or three more decades before it can become reliable enough to do repetitive tasks and the maintenance of such machines is especially high as they have a lot of technical issues so the reliability of such automation is a ways off.
Josh (Low)
23 Jul 2023 22:00
I can see automation doing things like cleaning floors and tables but i can't see it being cost effective to have a bot do everything a janitor does in a normal day. everything from taking trash out and throwing it in the dumpsters to shampooing stains out of carpets to removing vandalism and cleaning complex surfaces like toilets and sinks. Not to mention tasks like opening up and refilling toilet paper and paper towel dispensers.

Don't get me wrong, i think it could be done, i just think the cost would be outrageous and that somebody would still often have to step in for unusual messes and vandalism.
Kory Hasch (Low)
18 Jul 2023 18:58
Because machines can operate on a basic level, and deep cleaning requires human judgment.
Mike (No chance)
10 May 2023 07:10
In offices, schools, factories, and public spaces like malls and restaurants, I do not believe janitorial is at risk for automation. In order to make the tasks involved more able to be automated, they would have to do two things:

A. Invest significantly in equipment and processes that make the tasks much easier to do, and
B. Put a lot of personal responsibility on the people causing messes, generating the trash, and otherwise making the work that is needed to be done.

For A, restrooms would have to be redesigned with standards for toilets, urinals, sinks, etc where automated brushes could easily reach them. Trash receptacles would also need regular emptying and cleaning. It could be done, and I believe they've even invented self-cleaning restrooms where it basically treats the entire interior like a dishwasher, locking it off and doing high pressure sprays with sanitizing chemicals. It would be very very expensive to redesign them in such a way, not to mention the ongoing maintenance costs of such precision equipment. Similar with locker/shower rooms, kitchenettes, and break areas.

For B, in order for desk waste receptacle collection to be automated, office workers would need to actually throw trash inside the trash can and not beside, behind, or underneath. They would need to have it in a fixed position, and keep the area in front of it clear, and not obstructed with personal items, stacks of paper, or other junk. Similar to automated vacuum robots, they would need the area they're to clean free of obstacles. The best way to clean greasy fingerprints off glass doors is simply not have them there in the first place; train people to put their hands on the handle. Office workers in particular are incredibly inconsiderate of the work they leave for others, and office facilities would rather hire double the amount of cleaning staff to be demeaned and jump through ridiculous and unnecessary hoops.

The amount of investment needed to automate janitorial tasks would be incredibly high. If they really wanted to save money, they could instantly probably cut 25-50% of their workforce budget by being considerate to others. But they'd much rather waste money on digging their heels into classism, ensuring there are "servants" to look down upon.
Not a robot (No chance)
05 Apr 2023 01:29
cleaning seems automated but its very much not. you may do same tasks, but a robot wont be cheaper to maintain then hiring a person. and you would need like a robot for each specific task then someone to repair robot if it breaks down. Just do not see AI replacing janitors.
Max Dragonard (Highly likely)
04 Nov 2021 18:19
Perfect job for a robot.
thao (Highly likely)
09 Sep 2021 21:32
There is lots of money to be made with automation, robotics, AI. Still, we won't see cleaning robotic or humanoid for a least 10 - 15 yrs, my opinion cause companies are taking ages to make it perfect like human-like, robotic but then I am too old I will be retired anyway.
Experienced Cleaner (No chance)
28 May 2021 21:53
No matter how sophisticated the AI and software, plus the sensing technology a robot has, it will still require humans to train, service, and operate it. Its interface will have to be simplified enough to where its operator can program and run it, while focusing on the less predictable aspects of the cleaning work. AI and automation will only reduce the turnover rate and increase wages in this occupation.
Ben (Uncertain)
10 Apr 2021 16:04
Addressing Peter's comment that states robots and artificial intelligence cannot be made to cope with the unpredictability of dealing with people. I am currently writing this comment using an artificial intelligence aid. It is called Grammarly. I write rather well on my own, the help though is appreciated. It can improvise upon what I'm going to write. Does this mean it reads my mind? No, it uses algorithms to prognosticate what is coming based upon my previous writing. From that, it can then access other algorithms that study grammatical rules and policies. That allows it to use an algorithm to assist my writing by editing. My point being case variables in programmatic instructions can be defined so as to "follow" and "cope" with people. I work as a custodian presently for our county's public schools, which we have from pre-school to grade twelve. Children are the most unpredictable of all humans. I can easily see how timing schedules, sensors, algorithms could all be put in place to cut my workload by two-thirds, or more. My work can be greatly automated. Still, there would need to be technicians both to repair the physical and mechanical aspects and to repair the computing code at times. So I say it could go either way.
Ron Leffers
05 Jun 2020 15:28
there will less people working with robots but more people doing other things
Jayden (Highly likely)
08 Mar 2020 09:46
We’ve already got little cleaning technology and I think it would be good to have robots that would just do this
Peter (Low)
15 Oct 2019 09:15
This job deal with people and unpredictable action of people make difficult to created AI capable do do it. That was reason why was stopped it development. Job my be changed from actual cleaning to preparing area for robots.

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Job description

Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.

O*NET-SOC code: 37-2011.00