Pharmacists

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Explore safer careers (5)

Lower estimated automation risk

Medical and Health Services Managers
10% automation risk | Minimal Risk
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Why it fits

A realistic path into managing pharmacy services, medication-use programs, or clinical operations.

Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
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Why it fits

Uses professional pharmacy expertise to teach medication therapy, pharmacology, or healthcare practice topics.

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
12% automation risk | Minimal Risk
Higher growth
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Why it fits

Relevant for pharmacists moving into drug development, clinical pharmacology, outcomes research, or safety research.

Epidemiologists
9% automation risk | Minimal Risk
Higher growth
15.5 pts lower View career
Why it fits

Supports movement into pharmacoepidemiology, population medication safety, utilization, and outcomes analysis with added methods training.

Health Informatics Specialists
19% automation risk | Minimal Risk
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5.3 pts lower View career
Why it fits

Uses pharmacy systems, medication safety, e-prescribing, and clinical workflow expertise in health IT roles.


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Occupation snapshot

What does this snowflake show?
The Snowflake is a visual summary of the five badges: Automation Risk (calculated), Risk (polled), Growth, Wages and Volume. It gives you an instant snapshot of an occupations profile. The colour of the Snowflake relates to its size. The better the occupation scores in relation to others, the larger and greener the Snowflake becomes.
JOB SCORE
6.2/10
What's this?
Job Score (higher is better):

We rate jobs using four factors. These are:

- Chance of being automated
- Job growth
- Wages
- Volume of available positions

These are some key things to think about when job hunting.

Risk & user votes

Calculated automation risk

25% (Low Risk)

Low Risk (21-40%): This occupation has a lower risk of full replacement by AI, software, or robotic systems. Some tasks may be automated or assisted, but the role usually still relies on human judgement, communication, responsibility, physical adaptability, or practical decision-making.

More information on what this score is, and how it is calculated is available here.

Human strengths important in this job

These are human abilities and work contexts that are important in this occupation. They may help explain why parts of the role are harder to replace end-to-end, but they are not the only inputs into the automation score.

Decision-making and problem solving

Very important
Why this matters
Analyze information, weigh tradeoffs, and choose the best solution—especially when situations are ambiguous, high-stakes, or have real-world consequences.
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Assisting and caring for others

Quite important
Why this matters
Provide hands-on help, emotional support, or personal care to people—work that depends on empathy, trust, and responding to individual needs in the moment.
Jobs that also use this strength

Working directly with the public

Quite important
Why this matters
The job involves face-to-face interaction with customers, clients, or guests—answering questions, handling requests, and managing service situations in real time. Roles with frequent public interaction are harder to replace end-to-end because they rely on trust, communication, and adapting to unpredictable human needs.
Jobs that also use this strength

Coordinating others’ work

Quite important
Why this matters
Bringing people together, assigning tasks, and keeping a group aligned so work gets done.
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Instructing

Quite important
Why this matters
Teaching or coaching others—explaining steps, giving feedback, and adapting to different learners so they can do the work safely and correctly.
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Show 2 more strengths

Psychology knowledge

Quite important
Why this matters
Understanding human behavior, motivation, and individual differences to assess needs, respond appropriately, and support behavior change or mental health.
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Active learning

Quite important
Why this matters
Keeps learning from new information and applying it to make better decisions now and in the future, especially when situations change.
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What users think

Based on 2,080 votes

78% chance of full automation within the next two decades

Our visitors have voted that it's probable this occupation will be automated. However, employees may be able to find reassurance in the automated risk level we have generated, which shows 25% chance of automation.

What do you think the risk of automation is?

What is the likelihood that Pharmacists will be replaced by robots or artificial intelligence within the next 20 years?

Sentiment

Based on user votes over time

View sentiment trend

How opinions have changed over time

How opinions have changed over time

Pay & outlook

Wages

Very high paid relative to other professions

In 2024, the median annual wage for Pharmacists was $137,480 ($66 per hour).

The median annual wage for Pharmacists was 177.7% higher than the national median annual wage, which stood at $49,500.

View wage trend

Wages over time

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Growth

Fast growth relative to other professions

The number of 'Pharmacists' job openings is expected to rise 4.6% by 2034

View employment trend

Total employment, and estimated job openings

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period between 2023 and 2033
Updated projections are due 09-2025.

Volume

Significantly greater range of job opportunities compared to other professions

As of 2024 there were 328,870 people employed as 'Pharmacists' within the United States.

This represents around 0.21% of the employed workforce across the country

Put another way, around 1 in 468 people are employed as 'Pharmacists'.

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What people are saying (87)

Leave a comment
Ahmed Vidal (Highly likely)
06 Feb 2025 15:13
Pharmacists of the future will need enhanced technological skills to justify their compensation and maintain current hiring rates. The majority of today's Pharmacists lack the expertise to effectively manage AI; therefore, retraining will be essential to sustain current employment levels in Medication and Pharmacy Management.

Pharmacists in clinically-focused roles face the greatest risk of displacement, as Physicians become more efficient in patient care due to AI advancements. This increased efficiency will likely reduce the need for Pharmacists and other healthcare professionals who currently fill gaps in care.

Furthermore, the advancement of AI will enable more clinicians outside of conventional medicine to retrain as Physicians, as medical schools become more flexible, affordable, and accessible. The pathway to becoming a Physician while working as a Pharmacist could soon be realized through part-time programs delivered as a series of short-term courses, potentially completed in as little as ten years. This shift could help meet the growing demand for Primary Care Physicians, where shortages persist.

For Pharmacists who remain in the field, the practice of Pharmacy will be completely different; it will be primarily driven by those competent enough to oversee the increasing implementation of AI and robotics. As AI and robotics usage expands, there will be a significant demand for Pharmacists who understand how to manage these technologies and ensure compliance with the stringent regulations governing their use.
Liam Müller (Moderate)
04 May 2024 15:07
Clinical pharmacists face the greatest risk from the increasing presence of AI software in medication management. AI technology is advancing rapidly, offering more efficient alignment of prescribed medications with patient needs and care objectives compared to human professionals. Healthcare administrators are likely to favor AI solutions for tasks such as medication reviews, drug interactions, and dosage optimization due to their higher accuracy and speed, potentially leading to a preference for software over human pharmacists in certain aspects of pharmacy practice.

While AI is set to change the role of clinical pharmacists in medication management, it is crucial to understand that AI is not expected to entirely replace them. Instead, AI will eliminate the need for pharmacists to directly prescribe and manage medications, opening up opportunities for collaboration in validating, certifying, and overseeing AI-driven prescribing software. This collaboration will be vital for ensuring the quality, accuracy, and ethical application of AI technology in healthcare. Pharmacists who embrace new roles in a technology-driven future will thrive, using their expertise and technological skills to advocate for their continued involvement in validating and enhancing the performance of AI-driven solutions in medication management. The pharmacists who cling to the past, where the physical presence of a pharmacist was required over digital presence and technological solutions, will be the ones left behind.
Daniel (Highly likely)
08 Apr 2024 21:49
most of our job is looking at LexiComp, ClinPharm, etc. for guidelines and treatment algorithms. Easily automated via a sophisticated piece of software
Jill
17 Mar 2025 15:16
If that is truly all you do all day then you should have your license stripped.
Francisco Ferreira (Moderate)
12 Apr 2024 17:10
Physicians serve as the foremost experts in prescribing medications, due to their extensive training and expertise in diagnosing and treating medical conditions. While Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and Clinical Pharmacists have been encroaching on the Physician’s roles to include prescribing, the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology promises to revolutionize the field.

AI technology offers cost-effective solutions that surpass Clinical Pharmacists in medication reviews, questioning the need for non-physician involvement in assessing patients' medication effectiveness and appropriateness. As AI becomes more integrated into healthcare, it has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of physician-led prescribing, potentially rendering roles like Clinical Pharmacists obsolete in this aspect. This shift necessitates non-physician healthcare providers to adapt to changing responsibilities, as the tasks of prescribing and evaluating medication appropriateness and effectiveness, in a healthcare setting, will no longer be within their domain.

However, AI is not expected to completely replace Clinical Pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. Instead, it will remove the necessity for these professionals to directly prescribe and review medications, creating opportunities for collaboration in validating, certifying, developing, and managing AI-driven prescribing software in healthcare settings and software companies. This collaboration is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of the technology, as public trust in AI outcomes will require continuous validation and certification from other healthcare professionals.

The decision on who will provide these ongoing validations, whether it will be led by nurse practitioners, physician assistants, or clinical pharmacists, remains uncertain as the healthcare landscape evolves. If none of these professions takes on this role, physicians are likely to step in, seizing the chance to further establish themselves as the most qualified authorities in medication management.
Jill
17 Mar 2025 15:17
This is an AI generated response.
Zachary Rodrigues (Uncertain)
03 Apr 2024 16:35
In the future, as AI software becomes standard for healthcare professionals to access and evaluate medication therapies, there will be a shift in the role of Clinical Pharmacists. Physicians and other healthcare providers will increasingly question the necessity of Clinical Pharmacists, as they themselves can directly utilize AI tools for analyzing data.

Physicians, unlike the general public, are trained experts in diagnosing and treating patients, with prescribing medications falling within their domain rather than that of pharmacists. While pharmacists traditionally excel in reviewing medication therapies, the integration of AI in data analysis is reshaping the landscape. This technological advancement is expected to reduce the necessity for clinical pharmacists to conduct extensive reviews in clinical settings. With physicians inputting data into AI systems for analysis and interpreting the outputs themselves, there will be a significant decrease in the previous reliance on pharmacists for medication optimization assessments.

The evolving role of AI may assume tasks previously handled by Clinical Pharmacists, such as ensuring prescribed medications align with patient needs and care goals. However, Pharmacists will still play a crucial role in training, updating, and refining AI systems to adapt to changing regulations and advancements in medicine. The responsibility will increasingly fall on Informatics Pharmacists, Information Technology Pharmacists, Data Scientists, Machine Learning Engineers, and Software Engineers, rather than solely on Clinical Pharmacists.
Bill Evans (Uncertain)
29 Mar 2024 03:30
The decline of Clinical Pharmacy is on the horizon as AI advancements pose a significant threat to Clinical Pharmacists who heavily rely on algorithms for decision-making. AI's strength in algorithm-driven tasks aligns closely with the core functions of Clinical Pharmacy. It is crucial to differentiate between Clinical Pharmacists and other types of Pharmacists.

With technology playing an expanding role in the Pharmaceutical Industry, there will be a growing need for regulatory frameworks to supervise the sector. This shift will create a demand for Pharmacists specializing in Compliance and Regulatory Affairs within pharmacies. Increased site inspections will become necessary, requiring Pharmacists to intensify their monitoring efforts. Pharmacists will also face a rising burden of conducting independent assessments and detailed reporting to ensure that the technologies utilized comply with industry standards and regulations.
Mo
06 Oct 2024 18:10
The future of Retail Pharmacy, is uncertain. Prescriptions will eventually be paperless, which would be accessible via a cloud. Pharmacy warehouses or fulfillment centers would have access to these Prescriptions, and it would be processed by pharmacists with the help of AI and Robots to pick. Thus reducing the demand for walk in retail phamacies.
Günter Von Stein (Moderate)
11 Apr 2024 11:12
Physicians, in contrast to Pharmacists and certain other healthcare providers, possess the highest level of expertise in evaluating the effectiveness of medication therapy through diagnostic and physiological assessments. Given that prescribing medications is a core aspect of medical practice, it rightfully falls within the purview of Physicians due to their specialized knowledge and training.

While Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, and Clinical Pharmacists have sought to expand their roles over time, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) software presents a significant shift. AI technology has the potential to disrupt this trend by offering cost-effective solutions that surpass the capabilities of Clinical Pharmacists in medication review. This development challenges the traditional arguments used to justify the involvement of non-physician providers in prescribing practices.

As AI software becomes more prevalent in healthcare, it is poised to enhance the efficiency of Physician-managed prescribing processes, potentially rendering the need for Clinical Pharmacists and other non-physician prescribers obsolete. This shift may prompt a reevaluation of the costs associated with employing these professionals outside their traditional scope. While AI is not expected to entirely replace Pharmacists and other healthcare providers, it will redirect their focus towards their core competencies, creating new opportunities for collaboration with Physicians and technology companies.

The evolving landscape of healthcare will require Pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to pivot towards roles that align with their original training, while also offering them opportunities to contribute to the development and maintenance of AI-driven prescribing software. This collaboration will be essential in ensuring the quality and reliability of these technological advancements, thereby fostering trust among the public in the outputs generated by such systems.
bob (Highly likely)
16 Aug 2024 05:30
pharmacist job is to simply check the doctors work and i feel like that would be taken over by AI or if not completely significantly reduced job market and lower salary
Jamal (Highly likely)
08 Aug 2025 07:11
Because A.I is very good at checking dosage , interactions , prescription analysis.
Tenzin tashi
28 Dec 2022 05:18
There are chances that dispensing Pharmacist could be replaced by next 7 years with the data collected hitherto. The no of hiring pharmacist could plummet horrendously but the surviving pharmacist could be one the who could deal with data and automation, more like scientist pharmacist with background of medicine along with AI or automation. So good luck to the pharmacists.
Kerala (Highly likely)
20 Apr 2026 23:28
Clinical Pharmacists Don’t Stand a Chance! Retail and hospital pharmacists might survive, but the number of them employed will eventually decline. Hospital administrators are going to eventually realize that what clinical pharmacists have to offer can be performed more efficiently by physicians with the assistance of AI. Physicians both diagnose and treat patients; clinical pharmacists duplicate those roles without adding any additional value that AI can’t provide under physicians’ guidance and oversight.
Karima (Moderate)
30 Apr 2026 16:39
Pharmacies and technology companies will still need to retain pharmacists to handle system failures or complex clinical cases beyond the capabilities of AI platforms. However, the requirement for a pharmacist to be physically present at all times during pharmacy operations is likely to be challenged. Eliminating this mandate would free up more pharmacists to serve underserved rural areas and other medical deserts. It would also enable pharmacies to operate more efficiently—without the legally required on-site presence—ultimately reducing medication costs. Moreover, it would improve access to medications in regions previously limited by pharmacist availability. Patients would also be more likely to use these services, as many find visiting a pharmacy in person burdensome. Instead, they could consult a pharmacist or pharmacy technician virtually, depending on the complexity of their case.
SomeOneWhoDoesn'tWorkAsAPharmacist (Low)
10 Jul 2024 00:30
A pharmacist job is something that involves communication. A robot can mimic a human at that, but can't match it.
Conrad S. (No chance)
21 Jan 2025 21:32
Provision of care to human beings will always be better provided by other human beings. You go to a pharmacy freaking out about a side effect from a new med, what do you think a robot will do? Would you trust it over a genuine human being that was actually able to emotionally invest in the situation?

AI will transform the pharmacy role, but humans will always need drugs, and human beings to talk to about those drugs.
Juan Cortez
30 Jan 2025 05:22
Pharmacy Technicians are human beings. Pharmacy Technicians will soon be capable of providing the same care as pharmacists with the help of AI.

In such a scenario, pharmacists might still be employed to monitor the operations of multiple pharmacies from a remote location in the event that systems malfunction or become overloaded.
The net effect of this shift could lead to a decreased demand for pharmacists, as pharmacy technicians demonstrate superior performance when utilizing AI compared to when they are assisted by pharmacists.

To maintain their current employment levels, pharmacists must demonstrate to the public that they excel in remotely monitoring, evaluating, updating, and maintaining pharmacy AI platforms compared to other professions.

Otherwise, there won’t be any justification for hiring pharmacists at the current rate or paying them at the same salary levels, especially if they do not possess greater skills than the pharmacy technicians using these technologies.
Just a Guy
31 Jan 2025 12:55
This involves a lot of assumptions. This assumes technicians are ready to take on the clinical and liable responsibilities of acting in more direct patient care roles. This requires significant legislation change in most current regulatory environments. I am aware that lobbying is possible, but that same argument could be carried through for big pharma to replace technicians as well and just remove the human element entirely. Why stop at pharmacists? Why stop with at any role in any job?

The other assumption is that AI will continue to progress exponentially. Based on current sentiment from most of the tech field is that LLM development has recently slowed significantly from its earliest developmental explosion. It's largest wall to development right now is retaining information permanence for the purposes of building knowledge not previously trained on, and avoiding non-factual "hallucinations". These are two critical problems that have yet to see widespread or effective solutions implemented.

Try replacing healthcare providers with a robot that can't remember critical personal details correctly or does not have the intuition to even ask based on human cues or complex social history - the majority of effective patient counselling and interaction in healthcare requires these functions.
Mark (Low)
08 May 2023 03:37
Just goes to show you the public’s true ignorance on what we actually do. Current “automation” is trash & much is highly dependent on patient information and a plethora of other variables that can change on a whim.

I really feel sad for how ignorant and out of touch with reality (oblivious of common sense) some programmers are in their confidence with automating pharmacy
A realistic pharmacist (No chance)
06 Apr 2023 20:30
Physicians, PAs, NPs, RNs. Simply make too many mistakes when ordering medications. Example: when home meds are re-ordered and are clinically inappropriate. Sure memaw was taking Klor-Con 20 mEq at home, but her potassium once admitted is 7. Yea let’s help memaw see the lord. Or how about when Amphotericin B is ordered with NS flushes? There are far too many instances in which a real person is required.
Robert (Highly likely)
21 Jul 2020 00:22
The clinical side of pharmacy will be replaced by AI in the next 10 years. I have seen what some big pharmacy/drug giants are working on and it’s really impressive.
오연아 (Highly likely)
04 May 2026 00:39
키오스크처럼 자동화 가능 할 것 같음 "It seems like it can be automated like a kiosk."
Frank D. (Uncertain)
02 May 2026 21:46
Will free pharmacist from routinary task to have time for a high skills practice. These tasks doesn’t matter the time are really difficult to emulate by a non human being. “Only a human being may understand another one with a great level of accuracy, competence and reliability”

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Job description

Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications.

O*NET-SOC code: 29-1051.00