Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels

Low Risk
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Explore safer careers (3)

Lower estimated automation risk

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
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Why it fits

Transfers vessel safety, inspections, hazards, training, emergency procedures, incident reports, and corrective actions.

Emergency Management Directors
9% automation risk | Minimal Risk
Higher growth
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Why it fits

Fits senior mariners using incident command, drills, evacuation planning, interagency coordination, and response readiness.

Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
24% automation risk | Low Risk
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Why it fits

Applies routing, cargo movement, schedules, crews, vendors, safety procedures, costs, and operational coordination.


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Occupation snapshot

What does this snowflake show?
The Snowflake is a visual summary of the five badges: Automation Risk (calculated), Risk (polled), Growth, Wages and Volume. It gives you an instant snapshot of an occupations profile. The colour of the Snowflake relates to its size. The better the occupation scores in relation to others, the larger and greener the Snowflake becomes.
JOB SCORE
5.5/10
What's this?
Job Score (higher is better):

We rate jobs using four factors. These are:

- Chance of being automated
- Job growth
- Wages
- Volume of available positions

These are some key things to think about when job hunting.

Risk & user votes

Calculated automation risk

33% (Low Risk)

Low Risk (21-40%): This occupation has a lower risk of full replacement by AI, software, or robotic systems. Some tasks may be automated or assisted, but the role usually still relies on human judgement, communication, responsibility, physical adaptability, or practical decision-making.

More information on what this score is, and how it is calculated is available here.

Human strengths important in this job

These are human abilities and work contexts that are important in this occupation. They may help explain why parts of the role are harder to replace end-to-end, but they are not the only inputs into the automation score.

Decision-making and problem solving

Very important
Why this matters
Analyze information, weigh tradeoffs, and choose the best solution—especially when situations are ambiguous, high-stakes, or have real-world consequences.
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Assisting and caring for others

Quite important
Why this matters
Provide hands-on help, emotional support, or personal care to people—work that depends on empathy, trust, and responding to individual needs in the moment.
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Thinking creatively

Quite important
Why this matters
Coming up with original ideas and designs—creating new concepts, products, systems, or artistic work. This kind of open-ended invention and taste-based judgment is harder to automate end-to-end than routine, rule-based tasks.
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Social perceptiveness

Quite important
Why this matters
Noticing others’ emotions and reactions in the moment and adjusting what you say or do based on why they’re responding that way.
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Coaching and developing others

Quite important
Why this matters
Helps people learn and improve through coaching, mentoring, and feedback. This relies on trust, motivation, and adapting guidance to each person—work that’s hard to replace end-to-end with automation.
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Show 4 more strengths

Coordinating others’ work

Quite important
Why this matters
Bringing people together, assigning tasks, and keeping a group aligned so work gets done.
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Communicating with people outside the organization

Quite important
Why this matters
Represents the organization to customers, the public, or government—handling questions, concerns, and relationship-building through conversations, writing, calls, or email.
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Developing objectives and strategies

Quite important
Why this matters
Sets long-term goals and chooses strategies and actions to reach them, weighing tradeoffs and adapting plans as conditions change.
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Active learning

Quite important
Why this matters
Keeps learning from new information and applying it to make better decisions now and in the future, especially when situations change.
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What users think

Based on 197 votes

37% chance of full automation within the next two decades

Our visitors have voted there's a low chance this occupation will be automated. This assessment is further supported by the calculated automation risk level, which estimates 33% chance of automation.

What do you think the risk of automation is?

What is the likelihood that Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels will be replaced by robots or artificial intelligence within the next 20 years?

Sentiment

Based on user votes over time

View sentiment trend

How opinions have changed over time

Pay & outlook

Wages

High paid relative to other professions

In 2024, the median annual wage for Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels was $85,540 ($41 per hour).

The median annual wage for Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels was 72.8% higher than the national median annual wage, which stood at $49,500.

View wage trend

Wages over time

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Growth

Slow growth relative to other professions.

The number of 'Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels' job openings is expected to rise 0.5% by 2034

View employment trend

Total employment, and estimated job openings

* Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period between 2023 and 2033
Updated projections are due 09-2025.

Volume

Lower range of job opportunities compared to other professions

As of 2024 there were 35,390 people employed as 'Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels' within the United States.

This represents around < 0.001% of the employed workforce across the country

Put another way, around 1 in 4 thousand people are employed as 'Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels'.

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What people are saying (14)

Leave a comment
Marina (Low)
23 Apr 2026 13:20
I believe human workers' situational awareness on ships combining Electronic Aids To Navigation and other technologies will always have a place in the maritime industry. AI may get there but surely not in the next 20 years. There is also a huge human factor in terms of passenger ship emergencies and contingencies. Will AI treat humans the same way human crew does?
Cap Bro (Low)
02 Jan 2025 21:54
Difficulties for reliable navigation and interventions in case of technical failure
Xx
21 Sep 2024 20:16
Tesla robot for 25k would b a cheap replacement for boat labourers, not going to replace captains surely,?
Jayl (Moderate)
30 Mar 2024 13:43
There are some limitations to AI in regrds to replacing human that I'm not going to list here, but I could definitely see reducing number of crew responsible for navigation from a captain, 3 mates and 3 helmsmen, to a captain, a mate and a helmsmen. AI would be in charge during long sea phases while captain or mate would take control in emergencies and during transits through congested waters, narrow waterways and during berthing or unberthing.
. (Uncertain)
12 Mar 2024 03:46
There are times when weather conditions can change as quick as our eye blinks in my opinion robots may be able to do this but huminitic experience and skills are unbeatable.
Amit kumar (No chance)
17 Jul 2023 12:16
Oceans are too vast and entire world uses them in their own possible way, the risk of loss of an unmanned vessel with their costly cargoes are too huge to leave them on robots... so this job is safe for at least a 100 year period...
Slava
21 Mar 2023 21:05
It is possible to automate the industry by "tomorrow". Worldwide. Every vessel. There are technologies out there.

Why it is not happening? Mostly because of money but also the complexity of the problem.

Simple example: Average salary of a Safety Officer is 3000 USD. He is carrying out inspections and maintenance of firefighting equipment and other stuff. To automate only this process company will probably need to spend tens of thousands. Why would they if one can use this money now to scale one's business?

Besides navigation ship's crew has a lot of other critical roles. It will take a lot of scientific effort to set up new safe processes. Most marine companies don't have the necessary resources and infrastructure for that. I won't say a word about the lack of initiative and natural resistance of the industry to everything "new".
frank (Moderate)
22 Jul 2022 01:17
I believe computers can complete tasks much more efficiently than humans, saving a lot of money for companies. This includes costs such as food and amenities. Additionally, humans take up a lot of space on ships.

However, I also believe that there will always be some humans watching over ships at all times, whether on shore or elsewhere.
Old Sailor
16 May 2021 21:26
For all you who have sailed, I can't believe AI will do what is needed when there is that not often but inevitable "Oh Sh*t" moment.
Jesse F. Malone (Moderate)
06 Dec 2019 16:41
If we already have unmanned aircraft and are working on unmanned vessels, (tankers, freighters, car carriers, passenger ships) then who is to say the AI wont take over maritime jobs? Soon we will probably have remote control vessels or completely auto piloted vessels and no need for a bridge crew or engine room crew!
Jason (No chance)
11 Oct 2019 01:45
more jobs being created from new vessels and old crew retiring than people graduating out into the industry
me (No chance)
11 Sep 2019 17:12
they cant deal with water
Another me
14 Jan 2020 16:26
Then people will make them waterproof
Angus Mansbridge (Moderate)
16 May 2019 21:57
In a number of maritime sectors the hands on element of ship handling has already been given over to Dynamic Positioning Systems. That these systems require constant local supervision is only a question of communication and reliability. We already see automatic mining trucks, container cranes and transporters and more recently harbor tugs supervised from remote locations. Because of the financial advantage to the ship owner in not having to accommodate and pay people to operate a vessel, it is only a matter of time before we see ships are operating in the same way.

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Job description

Command or supervise operations of ships and water vessels, such as tugboats and ferryboats. Required to hold license issued by U.S. Coast Guard.

O*NET-SOC code: 53-5021.00